US concedes Russia has control of Crimea and seeks to
contain Putin
• Senior officials say goal
is to avoid further Ukraine incursion
• Administration to apply
economic and political pressure
• Kerry to fly to Kiev after
saying Russia G8 status at risk
• Obama’s 90-minute Putin
call: no meeting of minds
Paul Lewis and Spencer Ackerman in Washington and Jon Swaine
in New York
theguardian.com, Monday 3 March 2014 / http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/02/us-russia-crimea-ukraine-putin
The US conceded on Sunday that Moscow had “complete
operational control of the Crimean peninsula” and announced that the secretary
of state, John Kerry, will fly to Kiev in an attempt to halt a further Russian
advance into Ukraine.
Senior US officials dismissed claims that Washington is
incapable of exerting influence on the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, but
were forced to admit that Crimea had been successfully invaded by 6,000
airborne and ground troops in what could be the start of a wider invasion.
“They are flying in reinforcements and they are settling
in,” one senior official said. Another senior official said: “Russian forces
now have complete operational control of the Crimean peninsula.”
On Monday, Ukrainian border guards reported a buildup of
armoured vehicles near a ferry port on the Russian side of the Kerch Channel –
a narrow sea channel dividing Russia and the Ukrainian. A statement from the
guard spokesperson said Russian ships had also been moving in and around the
city of Sevastopol, where the Russian Black Sea fleet has a base, and that
Russian forces had blocked telephone services in some areas.
Although President Barack Obama’s administration called for
Putin to withdraw troops to Russian military bases on the peninsula, its
objective appeared to have shifted to using political and economic threats to
prevent any further military incursion.
One senior official said the major decision facing Putin was
whether to “continue to escalate troop movements into other parts of Ukraine”.
“We’ve already seen the intervention in Crimea,” the
official said. “It would be even further destabilising to expand that
intervention into eastern Ukraine.”
The official added: “Our bottom line is they had to pull
back from what they’ve already done, go back into their bases in Crimea. We’ll
be watching very, very carefully of course and will be very, very concerned if
we saw further escalation into eastern Ukraine.”
Kerry will fly to Kiev on Tuesday, to meet Ukraine’s new
government and display “strong support for Ukrainian sovereignty”, a state
department official said. However, in Washington there were mounting questions,
particularly from Republican opponents of the administration, about the
influence Kerry and other officials have over Moscow.
Kerry, Obama and other senior officials spent the last 24
hours frantically attempting to rally an international coalition of countries
to condemn Moscow over the Crimea invasion, and commit to economic sanctions in
order to prevent a further advance into other pro-Russian parts of Ukraine.
Obama spoke by phone with the British prime minister, David
Cameron, Polish president Bronisław Komorowski and the German chancellor,
Angela Merkel.
“We are concerned as we watch this situation that the
Russians have badly miscalculated,” one of the senior officials said. “There is
a very fierce and proud tradition in Ukraine of defending their sovereignty and
territorial integrity. So far Ukraine has showed, and Ukrainians individually
have showed, marked restraint … but the longer this situation goes on, the more
delicate it becomes.”
Earlier on Sunday, Kerry told CBS leading western nations
were prepared to enact economic sanctions against Russia over what he called an
“incredible act of aggression”.
“You just don’t in the 21st century behave in 19th-century
fashion by invading another country on completely trumped up pretext,” Kerry
said. “It is really a stunning, wilful choice by President Putin to invade
another country. Russia is in violation of the sovereignty of Ukraine. Russia
is in violation of its international obligations.”
Asked how the US and its allies might respond, Kerry
stressed the economic harm that could befall Russia if it continued its
occupation of Crimea, but repeatedly said “all options” were under
consideration.
However, in a conference call with reporters later on
Sunday, three senior US administration officials made clear that the “menu” of
options before the White House does not include military action.
“Frankly, our goal is to uphold the territorial integrity
and sovereignty of Ukraine, not to have a military escalation,” one of the
officials said. “I don’t think we’re focused right now on the notion of some US
military intervention. I don’t think that would be an effective way to
de-escalate the situation.”
During the call, which last almost an hour, the officials
said they were looking to provide Russia with “off-ramps” that would enable
Putin to reverse his course, and were applying pressure through a broad
international coalition that had agreed to to ostracise Moscow.
That process has begun with major powers pulling out of
preparatory meetings ahead of the G8 summit which is due to be hosted in Sochi
in June, as well as the cancellation of other trade-related meetings with
Russia planned for this week. In effect, Russia is being threatened with
expulsion from the G8 group of countries, unless it withdraws from Ukraine.
That will quickly escalate to possible sanctions, including
potential visa and banking restrictions targeting Russians close to Putin.
Currently, the US is reviewing “all of our economic and trade cooperation with
the Russian Federation”, one official said, and all 28 members of Nato were
planning to sign up to a single statement, strongly condemning Moscow
“He [Putin] is not going to have a Sochi G8, he may not even
remain in the G8 if this continues,” Kerry told NBC earlier in the day. “He may
find himself with asset freezes, on Russian business, American business may
pull back, there may be a further tumble of the ruble.”
The Obama administration is also working with the European
Union and International Monetary Fund to fast-track a package of financial aid
and loans, in order to shore-up Ukraine’s economy.
The officials argued that Russia had miscalculated by
invading Ukraine and effectively conquering the Crimean peninsula. What US
officials described as the Russian “intervention” was likely to bolster “the
people of Ukraine’s desire to reorient towards Europe”, an official said.
Another senior official said: “When it comes to soft power,
the power of attraction, Vladimir Putin has no game. So he’s left with hard
power and it’s a very dangerous game to play.”
However, the senior officials sounded flustered as they
struggled with accusations from reporters that Obama had shown himself to be
powerless in the face of Russian aggression.
On Friday, Obama made a forceful public address, warning
Putin that there would be “costs” if Russia intervened in Ukraine. On Saturday
he spent 90 minutes on the phone with the Russian leader, ultimately failing to
dissuade him from taking military action.
Asked if Obama had a “credibility problem”, one senior
official replied: “The premise of your question is he [Putin] is strong and
[the] president of the United States is weak. He [Putin] is not acting from a
position of strength right now.”
The official added: “You’re seeing the ability of the United
States to bring with us … the rest of the G7 countries, the rest of Nato, and
frankly the large majority of the world in condemning this action.”
Na Crimeia faz-se a festa à espera da guerra de Putin
Paulo Moura, em Sinferopol / 3-3-2014 / PÚBLICO
Os diplomatas conversaram e
no terreno as tropas russas foram-se instalando, sem que fossem disparados
tiros. A população russa da Crimeia festeja e no resto da Ucrânia há
mobilização para a guerra, com as bases militares em alerta máximo
Os rumores e as informações
duvidosas correm céleres por todo o território. As pessoas andam agarradas aos
telemóveis, numa teia permanente de narrativas contraditórias e histórias
incríveis
Acapital da Crimeia espera a guerra num estranho ambiente de
euforia. No dia em que o novo Presidente da Ucrânia, Oleksander Turchinov,
colocou o Exército em alerta máximo e mobilizou os reservistas, pedindo a
Vladimir Putin que evite um desastre, este conversou com a chanceler alemã,
Angela Merkel, e frisou que a acção militar “é apropriada, tendo em conta a
ameaça de grupos “ultranacionalistas” vindos de Kiev.
Foi de Washington que veio o recado mais forte para Putin. O
secretário de Estado norte-americano avisou que os Estados Unidos não vão estar
presentes na cimeira do G8 de Junho, em Sochi. “Para além de não ter a cimeira
do G8, o Presidente Vladimir Putin pode não ficar sequer no seio do G8”,
acrescentou John Kerry. Uma sanção que talvez não tenha grande eficácia. Em
2012, Putin faltou à reunião do grupo dos oito países mais industrializados do
mundo, organizada pelos EUA, acabando por enviar o seu primeiroministro, Dmitri
Medvedev.
Uma manifestação em frente ao parlamento da república
autónoma da Crimeia agitava bandeiras russas enquanto ouvia nos altifalantes
velhas canções soviéticas. Um activista prórusso citava ao microfone as últimas
declarações de Vladimir Putin.
À volta da estátua de Lenine, numa praça do centro da
cidade, um cordão humano, com escudos de aço, protegia o líder da revolução de
1917, numa atitude de grande intensidade simbólica, como se ali estivesse o
coração ameaçado da Crimeia.
Na Rua Pushkin e adjacentes, a zona comercial da cidade
voltou a ter animação, com lojas e cafés abertos, famílias passeando, jovens
conversando nas esquinas. Nas áreas mais periféricas, as bancas dos mercados de
rua voltaram a abrir, vendendo roupas, legumes, brinquedos, acessórios de
telemóveis.
“Agora temos razões para ter esperança”, disse Vladimir
Grigorechenko, de 56 anos, comerciante. “Não acho que vá haver uma invasão. Mas
o Presidente Putin já foi muito claro. Disse que vai proteger a população da
Crimeia. Era isso que todos esperávamos ouvir. Ele só vai agir se houver uma
provocação”.
“Abaixo o fascismo”
A NATO reuniu-se ontem de emergência — embora sem sair da
reunião nada de concreto. Apenas se reafirmaram posições. “Pedimos à Rússia que
honre os seus compromissos internacionais e que retire as suas forças para as
bases e se abstenha de qualquer interferência noutras partes da Ucrânia”,
afirmou o secretário- geral, Anders Fogh Rasmussen. Putin concordou com a
formação de uma equipa de mediadores que possa abrir a possibilidade de diálogo
entre a Rússia e a Ucrânia. Mas isso não foi propriamente uma cedência.
Simferopol estava em festa. Marinka, de 27 anos, que veio
tomar um capuccino num café chique da Rua Pushkin, disse que, nas últimas
semanas, tem andado aterrorizada por causa do fascismo. “As pessoas que fizeram
o golpe em Kiev são fascistas, pessoas intolerantes e más, que têm como
objectivo aniquilar os russos da Ucrânia. Agora finalmente sintome protegida.
Eu não acho que Putin queira invadir ou anexar a Crimeia. Ele simplesmente
disse que está do nosso lado. Não nos vai deixar sozinhos, à mercê dos
fascistas”.
Na rua, um cortejo de manifestantes passou a gritar “abaixo
o fascismo!”. Alguns rapazes corriam de um lado para o outro com bandeiras da
Federação Russa. Polícias fardados cortavam o acesso automóvel em toda a zona
do centro. Jornalistas montavam as câmaras nos tripés para captarem a atmosfera
da cidade à espera da guerra. Duas raparigas de mini- saia e saltos altos
distribuíam panfletos promovendo uma pizzaria. De um restaurante aberto, mas
vazio, por ser demasiado caro, emanava música clássica.
Perto do Parlamento, bem como, segundo relatos de várias
testemunhas, em Sebastopol, nos aeroportos e em várias estradas, estacionavam
piquetes de militares fortemente armados, a quem todos chamam “os russos”,
embora nada nos uniformes os identifique como tal.
Uma coluna de 13 veículos blindados deslocou-se de
Sebastopol para Simferopol. Um grupo de soldados “russos” cercou uma base
militar ucraniana, em Perevalne, pedindo-lhes que entregassem as armas. Os
ucranianos, segundo relatos de jornalistas no local, não obedeceram. Os
“russos” abandonaram o local, sem reacção. Há informações de que vários grupos
destes “russos” percorreram as bases ucranianas pedindolhes, “a bem”, a
rendição.
Guerra silenciosa e anónima
Na base militar ucraniana de Bachchiserai, a meio caminho
entre Sebastopol e Simferopol, todo o pessoal recebeu ordem para estar em
alerta máximo e não abandonar a base. Uma fonte deste quartel disse ao PÚBLICO,
sob anonimato, que há lá dentro grande tensão, com os militares divididos entre
os que se querem entregar aos russos e os dispostos a combater.
O chefe máximo da Marinha ucraniana, Denis Berezovski,
anunciou a sua fidelidade ao novo governo prórusso da república da Crimeia, o
que levou o Governo de Kiev a considerá-lo um traidor e a demiti-lo.
Várias notícias não confirmadas dão conta de que muitas
unidades militares ucranianas na península já se colocaram ao lado dos russos,
no que parece ser uma guerra silenciosa e anónima que tornaria a eventual
entrada final das forças russas num passeio sem violência por um território já
conquistado e pacificado.
Os rumores e as informações duvidosas correm céleres por
todo o território. As pessoas andam agarradas aos telemóveis, numa teia
permanente de narrativas contraditórias e histórias incríveis.
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