Lisboa, cidade com mais navios de 2017 e a sexta com mais
poluição
Associação ambientalista Zero defende criação de regulamento
para aplicar em todos os portos europeus
DN/Lusa
07 Junho 2019 — 07:02
Lisboa foi a cidade com mais tráfego de navios de cruzeiro e
2017 e é a sexta cidade portuária da Europa com mais emissões poluentes, indica
um estudo da Federação Europeia de Transportes e Ambiente.
De acordo com o documento, em 2017, a Carnival Corporation,
a maior operadora de cruzeiros de luxo do mundo, emitiu cerca de 10 vezes mais
óxido de enxofre nas costas europeias do que os 260 milhões de carros europeus.
Em termos absolutos, a Espanha, Itália e Grécia, seguidos de
perto pela França e Noruega e depois por Portugal, são os países europeus mais
expostos à poluição por dióxido de enxofre dos navios de cruzeiro, enquanto
Barcelona, Palma de Maiorca e Veneza são as cidades mais afetadas, seguidas por
Roma e Southampton, e Lisboa em sexto lugar.
A grande exposição deve-se ao facto de serem os principais
destinos turísticos, mas também, diz o estudo, porque têm padrões menos
rigorosos sobre o enxofre marítimo, permitindo que os navios de cruzeiro
queimem o combustível mais sulfuroso e mais poluente ao longo das suas costas.
A associação ambientalista Zero, que é membro da Federação,
salienta num comunicado divulgado hoje que as emissões de óxido de enxofre
lançadas pelas chaminés dos navios formam aerossóis de sulfato, "que
aumentam os riscos de doenças cardiorrespiratórias" e contribuem
"para a acidificação em ambientes terrestres e aquáticos".
Em relação a 2017 a Zero comparou dados da Federação com o
inventário oficial de emissões de óxido de enxofre da Agência Portuguesa do
Ambiente, e concluiu que "as emissões dos navios de cruzeiro na costa
portuguesa foram 86 vezes superiores às emissões da frota automóvel que circula
em Portugal (5100 toneladas em relação a 59 toneladas, respetivamente), tendo
representado mais de 10% do total das emissões nacionais de óxidos de enxofre
(5.100 toneladas em relação a 47.500 toneladas".
Em relação ao óxido de azoto os navios de cruzeiro em Lisboa
emitiram quase o equivalente a "um quinto dos 374 mil veículos de
passageiros que circulam na cidade".
A Zero defende que a Europa deve implementar rapidamente um
regulamento para aplicar em todos os portos europeus e com planos para se
atingirem limites de emissão zero nos navios.
A Federação também recomenda a ampliação das áreas de
controlo de emissões, atualmente em vigor apenas nos mares do Norte e Báltico e
no Canal da Mancha.
By Sam Morgan | EURACTIV.com 10 jul. 2017 (updated: 12 jul.
2017)
Cruise ships aren't just controversial because of the number
of tourists they bring to UNESCO world heritage sites like Venice. Their
environmental impact has now been revealed. [Mauro Picardi/ Shutterstock]
Cruise ships can emit as much particulate matter as a
million cars every day and the air quality on deck can be as bad as the world’s
most polluted cities, according to a new investigation.
An undercover investigation by the United Kingdom’s Channel
4 television station has revealed the shocking levels of pollution found on
board some cruise ships.
Channel 4’s Dispatches programme sent its investigators onto
P&O Cruises’ 250-metre-long Oceana vessel, which can carry more than 2,000
passengers.
The programme focused on monitoring ultra-fine particles in
the air around the vessel and the investigation showed that just one ship can
emit the same amount of particulate matter in one day as one million cars.
EU auditors join fight against deadly air pollution
The European Court of Auditors (ECA) will investigate the
fight against air pollution, which kills half a million European citizens every
year, the court announced on Friday (10 February).
Dispatches found that the air on the upper deck of the
Oceana, downwind from the boat’s funnels, had 84,000 ultra-fine particulates
per cubic centimetre. The numbers topped 226,000 directly next to the funnels.
The same programme monitored the air quality in London’s
busy Piccadilly Circus, using the same recording devices, and found that the
numbers were just 38,400 per cubic centimetre.
One doctor told the programme that “these are the levels you
would expect to see in the most polluted cities in the world like Shanghai,
Delhi and so on”.
He added that short term exposure could cause increasing
respiratory symptoms and that crew members working long-term on board could
experience side effects “we are just starting to understand”.
Cruise ships typically use heavy fuel oil in their engines,
a residual product that is left over after petrol and diesel have been
produced. It has very high sulphur content but is more cost-effective than
other fuels.
P&O responded to the programme’s findings by
highlighting that it has reduced its fuel consumption by 28% since 2005 and that
the company slashed CO2 emissions by 20% in 2014 alone.
Cargo companies call for shipping to be regulated by EU’s
emissions trading market
European cargo companies have backed plans to regulate
shipping under the EU’s Emissions Trading System (ETS), the world’s largest
carbon market and one of the bloc’s flagship policies to fight climate change.
The company also revealed that the Oceana will soon be
fitted with “exhaust gas cleaning systems” in an effort to reduce emissions
further. Its statement added that: “we recognise that there is a public
interest… related to particulate matter and related health issues”.
But a study by CE Delft recently warned that the efficiency
of new ships declined in 2016 compared with 2015.
It is estimated that 25.3 million passengers worldwide will
travel on cruise ships in 2017, up from just 15.8 million a decade ago,
according to data from the Cruise Lines International Association.
Popular Croatian tourist destination Dubrovnik, known around
the world for being the filming location of Game of Thrones, is struggling to
cope with the vast numbers of visitors being brought to its medieval walls by
cruise ships.
The statistics do not look good for this summer either. In
2016, 529 of the vessels stopped off in Dubrovnik, bringing 799,916 passengers.
That is an increase from 475 ships in 2015 and 463 in 2014.
Shipping currently accounts for 2-3% of global greenhouse
gas emissions but a 2014 UN study warned increasing trade could up the sector’s
carbon footprint by as much as 250% by mid-century.
If shipping were an actual country then it would be the
globe’s seventh biggest emitter.
Last week, 170 countries met at the United Nations’
International Maritime Organisation meeting in London. They agreed a seven-step
outline that is aimed at decarbonising the shipping sector and an interim plan
is now pencilled in for next year, with a comprehensive plan due in 2023.
Although one proposal called for the sector to come up with
climate targets in line with the Paris Agreement and to decarbonise by 2050, a
consensus could not be found. Further talks will be held in October.
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