Putin’s useful German idiots
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is a repudiation of a
whole generation of German politicians from across the spectrum.
BY MATTHEW
KARNITSCHNIG
March 28,
2022 4:00 am
BERLIN —
Germany is no stranger to the wrong side of history.
That’s why
it shouldn’t surprise anyone that Berlin spent the past 16 years with its feet
firmly planted on the wrong side of the divide over how to handle Russia.
Less
predictable was the speed with which Germany abandoned its stance toward Moscow
in recent weeks by halting the controversial Nord Stream 2 pipeline project,
sending arms to Ukraine, embracing sanctions against Russia, and even
announcing it would start pumping substantial sums into its own army.
In other
words, it agreed almost overnight to do everything the U.S. and other allies
had been prodding it to do for years. Berlin even ginned up a hashtag-ready
motto for the shift: Zeitenwende, i.e. the dawn of a new era.
Weeks
later, it’s become clear that what German leaders are really trying to say is:
‘Let’s move on.’
On that
score, the Germans have had about as much luck as the Russian army in Ukraine.
That’s because Germany didn’t merely “misjudge Putin,” as Angela Merkel’s
longtime foreign policy adviser, Christoph Heusgen, the new chairman of the
Munich Security Conference, said last week.
Germany’s
stubborn insistence on engaging with the Russian leader in the face of his
sustained aggression (a catalog of misdeeds ranging from the invasion of
Georgia to assassinations of enemies abroad and war crimes in Syria) was
nothing short of a catastrophic blunder, one that will earn Merkel a place in
the pantheon of political naiveté alongside Neville Chamberlain.
Slowly but
surely, it’s begun to dawn on Germans that Merkel’s soft-shoe approach to
Russia — which reached its zenith with the 2015 decision to green light the
Nord Stream 2 pipeline despite Russia’s annexation of Crimea and its role in
the separatist war in eastern Ukraine — didn’t just open the door for Putin to
go further, it effectively encouraged him to do so.
Russia’s
invasion of Ukraine is not just a repudiation of Merkel’s chancellorship,
however, but of a whole generation of German politicians from across the
spectrum blinded by nostalgia for Ostpolitik and Wandel durch Handel, the
1970s-era détente policies championed by Chancellor Willy Brandt that according
to German legend led to the end of the Cold War.
Germany’s
collective responsibility is why turning the page is easier said than done.
There is no Churchill-like figure in German politics who has been warning for
years of the perils of trusting Putin. While Merkel deserves most of the blame
for falling into the Russian leader’s trap, the truth is that Germany’s entire
political class is guilty.
As Merkel’s
finance minister and vice chancellor, the current Chancellor Olaf Scholz, whose
Social Democrats were the driving force behind the Nord Stream pipelines,
championed the notion that the best way to deal with Putin was through
never-ending “dialogue.”
Jens
Plötner, currently Scholz’s national security adviser, was one of the primary
architects of that policy in his years as a senior diplomat in Germany’s
foreign office, where he served as chief of staff to then-Foreign Minister
Frank-Walter Steinmeier (a Social Democrat who is now German president) and
most recently as the ministry’s political director. Even after Putin amassed
tens of thousands of troops on Ukraine’s border in December, Plötner advised
Scholz to stick with Nord Stream 2 and publicly repeat the fiction that it was
little more than a “commercial project.”
Plötner’s
old boss Steinmeier, who accused NATO in 2016 of “saber rattling and warmongering”
for holding a military exercise on the alliance’s eastern flank, argued almost
until the first shots were fired on Ukrainians that Germany should use energy
as a way to build bridges with Russia.
These days,
Steinmeier, who as president is meant to serve as Germany’s moral authority,
occupies himself by organizing “freedom and peace” concerts with Russian and
Ukrainian musicians. (One of the events took place in early March in Dresden as
bombs rained down on Kharkiv, Ukraine’s second city.)
Over the
weekend, Andrij Melnyk, Ukraine’s ambassador to Germany, declared he would
boycott Steinmeier’s latest event, saying Ukrainians had no time for “grand
Russian culture” while Moscow was murdering innocent civilians.
Though less
responsible than either Merkel’s Christian Democrats or the Social Democrats
for the policies that led up to Putin’s invasion of Ukraine, the smaller
parties in Germany’s ruling coalition — the liberal Free Democrats and the
Greens — haven’t exactly covered themselves in glory either.
While the
Greens opposed Nord Stream 2, they did so as much for ecological reasons as out
of solidarity with Ukraine. More significant was their steadfast opposition to
arms deliveries to Kyiv, which only changed after the fighting started.
The Free
Democrats were divided over what to do about Nord Stream 2, with many in the
party, including deputy party leader Wolfgang Kubicki, supporting more
engagement with Russia. According to Melnyk, Free Democrat leader Christian
Lindner, who is also Germany’s finance minister, told him on the day the war
started that there would be no point in Berlin sending weapons to Ukraine or
shutting Russia out of SWIFT, the international payment system, because his
country only “has a few hours” of sovereignty.
Skepticism
over Ukraine’s prospects, not to mention concern over the consequences of going
too hard on Russia, was shared by many in the main opposition party, the
Christian Democrats (CDU). Just weeks before Russia’s invasion, CDU leader
Friedrich Merz warned that suspending Russia from SWIFT could trigger an
“atomic bomb in the capital markets.”
‘We were
all wrong’
Having been
wrong about Russia and Putin every step of the way, Germany’s politicians have
resorted to the “who knew?” card.
“I was
wrong, we were all wrong,” Wolfgang Schäuble, the éminence grise of German
politics and longtime CDU finance minister, told the Welt am Sonntag over the
weekend.
What
Schäuble and his colleagues leave out, however, is that Germany’s allies had
been warning it for years that it was underestimating Putin. When confronted
with that reality, the Germans don’t know quite how to react.
After
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy reminded German MPs in a speech to the
Bundestag this month that the business Germany did with Russia helped finance
the war against his country and attacked them for paying “worthless” lip
service to the Holocaust, they gave him a standing ovation — and then promptly
returned to regular business, which included wishing two MPs a happy birthday.
During the
Cold War, the term “useful idiot” became a label for moderates in the West who
fell victim to the communists’ credulous arguments.
From
Germany’s veto of NATO membership for Ukraine and Georgia in 2008 to its
pursuit of gas deals with Moscow to its resistance to send arms to Kyiv — the
country’s leaders have served as Putin’s useful idiots.
All the
while, the so-called Russlandversteher, the smug Russian sympathizers who
populate the country’s political establishment, rejected criticism of their
course, insisting they knew better while (literally) laughing in Washington’s
face.
No one’s
laughing anymore.
Even as
allies welcome Berlin’s Zeitenwende, they aren’t fooled by its foxhole
conversion.
Ukraine,
which was pillaged by Germany during World War II, by the end of which it had
lost more than 15 percent of its population, certainly won’t forgive and
forget.
Germany
won’t have any real credibility within the transatlantic alliance either (no
matter how many billions it commits to spending on defense) until there’s an
honest reckoning with the history of the Merkel-Putin years.
As Germany
knows all too well, even if it’s possible to hide from history for a time,
there’s no escaping it.
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