This is the
second appetizer aimed at the ideological context of the last European
elections.
The
Normalization of the Radical Right: A Norms Theory of Political Supply and
Demand (Oxford Studies in Democratization)
by
Vicente Valentim
Radical-right behavior is increasing across Western
democracies, often very quickly. Previous research has shown, however, that
political attitudes and preferences do not change as quickly. Vicente Valentim
argues that the role of social norms as drivers of political behavior is
crucial for understanding these patterns. Building on a norms-based theory of
political supply and demand, he argues that growing radical-right behavior is
driven by individuals who already had radical-right views, but who did not act
on those views because they thought that they were socially unacceptable. If
these voters do not express their preferences, politicians can underestimate
how much latent support there is for radical-right policy. This leaves the
radical right with less skilled leaders, who are unable to mobilize even
radical-right voters to support them. However, if politicians realize that
there is more private support for radical-right policy than is typically
observable, they have an incentive to run for politics with a radical-right
platform and to mobilize silent radical-right views. Their electoral success,
in turn, leads to radical-right individuals becoming more comfortable in
displaying their views, and impels more politicians to join the radical right.
The book's argument makes us rethink how political preferences translate into
behavior, shows how social norms affect the interaction of political supply and
demand, and highlights how a political culture that promotes inclusion can be
eroded.
Oxford Studies in Democratization is a series for scholars
and students of comparative politics and related disciplines. Volumes
concentrate on the comparative study of the democratization process that
accompanied the decline and termination of the cold war. The geographical focus
of the series is primarily Latin America, the Caribbean, Southern and Eastern
Europe, and relevant experiences in Africa and Asia. The series editor is
Laurence Whitehead, Senior Research Fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.
Advance
praise for "The Normalization of the Radical Right: A Norms Theory of
Political Supply and Demand"
https://www.vicentevalentim.com/book-project
“This
truly exceptional book will change how we think about the success of the
radical right. It provides a general theory of how social norms shape political
behavior and puts norm change center-stage in explaining the ascent of the
radical right. Based on rich data and rigorous analysis, the book demonstrates
how stigma and normalization are key components of radical right success. A
must-read for those who want to better understand one of the most pressing
political phenomena of our time.”
Tarik
Abou-Chadi, Associate Professor in European Union and Comparative European
Politics, University of Oxford
“Why
do populist parties often surge in popularity out of nowhere? Has the radical
right been normalized? These questions, crucial to contemporary politics, were
poorly understood. Not any more. Vicente Valentim's pathbreaking new book
develops a novel theory about how social norms emerge and spread and applies it
using cutting edge empirical techniques to this crucial question. This is a
must-read for anyone interested in political parties, social norms, populism or
the future of European politics.”
Ben Ansell,
Professor of Comparative Democratic Institutions, Nuffield College, University
of Oxford
“Social
norms have received much less attention in political science than their
importance for many political outcomes would warrant. The Normalization of the
Radical Right significantly advances the vast literature on the recent success
of radical right parties in many liberal democracies by documenting how a
perceived change in social norms may lead to rapid changes in large sectors of
the electorate. An impressive achievement, which will leave a mark on the
literature for a long time to come.”
Giovanni
Capoccia, Professor of Comparative Politics, University of Oxford
“Radical
right parties have made significant electoral strides in recent years. By
highlighting the importance of social norms, Vicente Valentim argues that this
rise is not due to voters changing their political preferences, but rather due
to their willingness to express these preferences publicly by backing radical
right platforms. With the clarity of its argument and richness of data, this
book is bound to become an instant classic for anyone interested in the future
of our democracies.”
Catherine E.
De Vries, Generali Chair in European Policies and Professor of Political
Science at Bocconi University in Milan
“In
this important and highly original book, Valentim places norms in the
spotlight. It isn’t enough to understand voter preferences in our understanding
of the radical right; we need to understand how those preferences become
politically acceptable. This book has implications for political science
broadly and is essential reading for understanding the changes and challenges
of populism in Western democracies.” Jane Green, Professor of Political Science
and British Politics, University of Oxford
“Why
is the radical right on the rise across Western democracies? In this
path-breaking book, Valentim presents a norm-based theory of political supply
and demand that explains how the radical right has been strengthened through a
process of normalization.This ambitious and carefully researched book is
essential reading for understanding how social norms can bring about important
political change.”
Professor
Sara Hobolt, London School of Economics
“Vicente
Valentim introduces a bold new agenda for the study of electoral behavior: the
exclusive focus on intrinsic motivations ought to be complemented by a
consideration of extrinsic motivation, in particular of social norms.
Norms-based models, he argues, can explain fast behavioral change in the
absence of an actual change in political preferences. Applying this insight to
the radical right in Europe, he shows how its rise was originally constrained
by social norms, and only became possible once exogenous triggers led to its
normalization. This book is a must-read for students of electoral behavior.”
Hanspeter
Kriesi, European University Institute, Florence
“In
this highly original book, Vicente Valentim documents how social norms matter
in explaining the political fate of far-right parties. Valentim formulates a
dynamic account of the process of entry and normalization of far-right parties
that accounts both for voters’ incentives to misrepresent their political
preferences and for the surge in the political support of far-right parties,
once such normative sanctions decline. Drawing on a wealth of data across
advanced industrialized democracies, Valentim documents how social norms
condition the strategies of right-wing politicians as well as the background of
politicians willing to run of far-right platforms.”
Isabela
Mares, Arnold Wolfers Professor of Political Science, Yale University
“In
democracies around the world, commentators and analysts decry the
“normalization” of radical right parties. What exactly does normalization mean
and how does it happen? This book represents a major breakthrough, analyzing
with the most sophisticated theoretical framework and careful cross-national
data to date how precisely citizens and politicians rethink what is acceptable
in politics and how this changes political behavior.A major reorientation of
the analysis of the radical right with implications for the study of modern
democratic politics more generally.”
Daniel
Ziblatt, Eaton Professor of the Science of Government at Harvard University
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