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No Good Choices on Iran

 


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The World

No Good Choices on Iran

 

As top Trump aides clash over a strategy to end the war, the administration is weighing escalation, narrower strikes and diplomacy.

Katrin Bennhold

By Katrin Bennhold

I’m the host of The World.

Published Nov. 10, 2026Updated Nov. 11, 2026, 12:27 a.m. ET

https://www.nytimes.com/2026/11/10/world/iran-trump-war-hegseth-impeach.html

 

It didn’t take long after last week’s midterm losses for the Trump administration to begin publicly fighting over the war in Iran.

Divisions are now out in the open. “The reason we lost is the war,” Vice President JD Vance declared. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, in contrast, posted a defiant video defending the war. He also had to defend himself from a now-shelved effort — led by a Republican congressman with Democratic support — to impeach him. (More on that below.)

We’re seeing a formidable U.S. military buildup in the Middle East — a third aircraft carrier is expected to arrive soon. Fighter jets, long-range bombers, warships and 50,000 troops are all on standby.

So what does this all mean for the war? Today, my colleagues David Sanger and Eric Schmitt outline four potential scenarios.

ImageDonald Trump wearing a USA cap is seen walking next to the Reflecting Pool.

In Washington last week. Credit...Doug Mills/The New York Times

No easy choices

By David E. Sanger and Eric Schmitt

https://www.nytimes.com/2026/11/10/world/iran-trump-war-hegseth-impeach.html

 

The public split last week between Vice President JD Vance and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth over the war with Iran is now fueling an urgent question: How does the U.S. get out of the conflict?

The debate inside the administration has hardly been a secret since the war started more than eight months ago. Vance privately expressed skepticism; Hegseth was among the most gung-ho.

Now, President Trump must decide where he will come down as he weighs whether to launch a renewed attack.

On Monday, he said that the war was “effectively over” (an assertion Iran swiftly denounced as “fake news”). But he also said the U.S. was “locked and loaded” should circumstances change.

At the core of the problem, according to people engaged in the debate, is a fundamental issue: Trump and his aides still cannot agree on what they are trying to accomplish.

Image

An aerial photo of a docked aircraft carrier.

The U.S. aircraft carrier Theodore Roosevelt in Singapore on Saturday.Credit...2026 Planet Labs PBC, via Reuters

Here are some of the U.S. options under review:

A brief, intense escalation

The most ambitious option that the U.S. and Israeli militaries have developed calls for a short but intensive operation over several days. The targets would probably include Iran’s energy infrastructure, nuclear facilities, and missile and drone arsenals. There are no expectations that a few days of battle will collapse the government; for that, U.S. officials are relying on continued economic pressure.

Trump has often spoken about targeting Pickaxe Mountain, the American name for a deeply buried nuclear site that Iranians call Kooh Kolang. But even the 22,000-pound bomb known as MOAB, the largest nonnuclear weapon in the U.S. arsenal, would probably not destroy an underground site like Pickaxe, which is composed of granite.

The campaign would inflict more damage on Iran’s already degraded missile and drone arsenal, and could perhaps result in concessions in limiting the country’s nuclear program and fully reopening the Strait of Hormuz. But such an approach has not worked before. Iran would strike back at Gulf states, almost certainly driving up energy prices and inflation. Defending the Gulf states would strain the Pentagon’s eroded global supply of missile interceptors.

Pared-back strikes

A shorter, scaled-back version of the first plan would probably take many energy targets off the table, focusing on military and nuclear sites, officials said. The thinking behind this approach is that Iran would be less likely to retaliate by attacking Gulf energy infrastructure.

Trump could claim that the U.S. had inflicted additional damage on Iran’s arsenal, declare victory and begin the exodus from the region. A more limited offensive would also preserve the Pentagon’s stockpile of scarce interceptors.

But administration officials concede that a limited strike would achieve none of the goals Trump set out at the beginning of the war, and would still leave Iran with significant leverage over the Strait of Hormuz.

JD Vance wearing a navy suit and red tie is seen speaking at a podium, gesturing with his hand.

Vice President JD Vance at a campaign rally last month. Credit...Tierney L. Cross for The New York Times

Try diplomacy

Before the midterm elections, Vance reached out to Gen. Mohsen Rezaei, the secretary of the Supreme National Security Council and a former commander in chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, suggesting that American and Iranian officials meet soon.

Initially, the proposal seemed well received, and officials from Qatar, Pakistan, Turkey and Saudi Arabia have all been involved in communicating with the Iranians. But in recent days, some American negotiators have turned more pessimistic, according to people familiar with their thinking, fearing that whatever agreement they reach could be undercut back in Tehran by radical hard-liners.

History shows that a diplomatic solution is the only way to have long-term limits on a nation’s nuclear program. But many experts believe Trump would be lucky to get limits akin to those in the Obama-era deal, which Trump withdrew from in 2018.

Muddle along

In this scenario, the U.S. would live with the status quo: an expensive naval blockade that prevents Iran from exporting oil, while U.S. escorts and patrols ensure that 11 to 18 million barrels of non-Iranian oil get through each day. This would effectively allow Trump to avoid making a decision, in the hopes of a longer-term resolution.

He could also seek to negotiate a narrow deal to reopen the Strait of Hormuz, leave sanctions in place and slowly withdraw — letting the Gulf Arabs work out a deal with the Iranians over how the strait is managed.

But such a deal would not address the nuclear or missile issues — much less the nature of the Iranian leadership — that led Trump to go to war in February. And there would be no timeline to the endgame, meaning the conflict could drag on for the remaining years of Trump’s presidency and into that of his successor.


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U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth in a suit speaks at a podium, pointing. Several hands are raised in the foreground; a blue flag is in the background.

Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth at the Pentagon yesterday. Credit...Evelyn Hockstein/Reuters

A derailed impeachment effort

Republicans in the United States House of Representatives banded together to shelve the effort to impeach Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth.

The House voted to refer the charges to a committee, which would allow Republicans to slow the process indefinitely.

The eight articles of impeachment introduced by a Republican lawmaker, Thomas Massie, involve the war in Iran and other operations. Democrats could still move to impeach Hegseth next year when they assume power, but have so far not indicated whether they will try to do so.

 

The Woman in the Middle of Nvidia’s Spy Scandal

 


The Woman in the Middle of Nvidia’s Spy Scandal

 

Alice Huang, who U.S. intelligence determined is a Chinese asset, emerged from the high-flying world of Shanghai finance to work with tech titans and obtain essential A.I. chips.

Jensen Huang and Alice Huang seated at a food-laden table as they tap their wine glasses as in a toast.

Jensen Huang and Alice Huang have been photographed together on several occasions. In this photo, posted to Weibo, they are at a Shanghai restaurant, Pujiang Huaiyan.

Paul MozurAna SwansonTripp MickleMichael Forsythe

By Paul MozurAna SwansonTripp Mickle and Michael Forsythe

Paul Mozur reported from Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia. Ana Swanson reported from Washington. Tripp Mickle reported from San Francisco and Michael Forsythe from New York.

Nov. 10, 2026

https://www.nytimes.com/2026/11/10/technology/alice-huang-megaspeed-nvidia-jensen-huang.html

 

In December 2023, a Chinese executive who goes by Alice Huang met with Nvidia’s chief executive, Jensen Huang, and a small group of colleagues at an Italian restaurant in Singapore.

In a photo of the previously unreported meeting, which was confirmed by The New York Times, Ms. Huang smiled as she posed next to Mr. Huang, who was in his trademark black leather jacket. He held a glass of red wine.

For Ms. Huang, there was reason to celebrate. Backed by wealthy investors in Shanghai, she had just restructured a company that would soon buy billions of dollars in Nvidia artificial intelligence chips. The U.S. government had barred Chinese companies from buying the advanced chips, but Ms. Huang had sidestepped this prohibition by creating a firm, Megaspeed, through a Singaporean shell company.

Her close relationship with Nvidia’s leader also appeared to smooth the way. Four days after the ownership change Megaspeed was named a Nvidia cloud partner, giving it access to the coveted components.

Their relationship is now at the center of a global geopolitical competition between China and the U.S. government to dominate A.I. It has also shaken and captivated the tech industry on both sides of the Pacific, surfacing often invisible details of the fierce technological race, like spy craft and the human vulnerabilities of A.I. kingmakers like Mr. Huang.

The meeting in Singapore was a sign of how Ms. Huang’s relationship with Mr. Huang goes back further than previously known. It also speaks to the close social and business ties that grew during years of tech collaboration between China and the United States, and how they have persisted despite the icy geopolitical divide of the past decade.

The Times was the first to report Mr. Huang’s dealings with Megaspeed and Ms. Huang last year. Last month, The Times reported that U.S. officials had concluded she was a Chinese intelligence asset who had developed a close relationship with the Nvidia leader, and that President Trump had taken no action when briefed on the situation last year. Last week, The Times reported that Ms. Huang had been recruited to spy by China’s Ministry of State Security. On Sunday, Mr. Huang, 63, acknowledged that he had an affair with her, and Nvidia said it was conducting an internal investigation.

Many details of the relationship between Mr. Huang and Ms. Huang, including when they met and when she may have been recruited by Chinese intelligence, are not known. But Ms. Huang’s work with Megaspeed put her in the middle of a sprawling effort to accumulate A.I. chips across Southeast Asia and provide access to the technology to China’s companies.

 

Photos from Ms. Huang’s social media, which were verified by The Times, show that she and Mr. Huang met across the globe over the past three years, including in Shanghai; at Nvidia’s Silicon Valley headquarters; at a golf resort south of San Jose, Calif., and in Taiwan.

Image

Alice Huang, in a white coat, and Jensen Huang, in a black leather jacket, standing next to each other outdoors.

An undated photo of Ms. Huang and Mr. Huang on a golf course that was originally posted to her WeChat Moments.

After the 2023 meeting in Singapore, Ms. Huang, whose Chinese name is Huang Le, used her experience and connections in the world of Shanghai finance to work her way into tech circles. She turned Megaspeed into a destination for Nvidia technology, working with a longtime business partner who was often introduced as her husband.

The success attracted the attention of authorities. By 2024, the United States had dispatched a Commerce Department official to check on Ms. Huang’s company. She was monitored by Taiwan’s government during her visits to the island, including when she appeared publicly with Mr. Huang. For part of 2025, she was not allowed to leave Singapore because of an investigation.

Behind Megaspeed was a network of wealthy tech investors in China with links to domestic data centers, the government and the defense industry. Between 2024 and 2026, the firm bought billions of dollars of Nvidia’s advanced A.I. technology, bringing Ms. Huang further into Mr. Huang’s orbit.

Image

Megaspeed’s office in Singapore.Credit...The New York Times

Details about Ms. Huang, much of which have not been previously reported, are based on a Times analysis of 15 years of corporate documents, as well as interviews with more than half a dozen people and government officials familiar with her and her business.

Ms. Huang did not respond to a request for comment. Nvidia and Megaspeed declined to comment. China has denied the espionage claims.

A Life in Finance

For many years, Ms. Huang’s life was rooted in the high-flying world of Shanghai finance. She mingled easily with tech executives from China and the United States alike, according to people who have met her.

In China, Ms. Huang is closely linked to a business partner named Kang Wei. Mr. Kang, a 51-year-old fund manager, has been introduced as Ms. Huang’s husband to Chinese investors and Megaspeed employees, according to people familiar with the matter. The Times could not verify whether the two are married.

Mr. Kang rose to prominence at a young age, earning a reputation as a savvy stock market strategist in the 2000s. Chinese financial media treated him as a sort of boy wonder. By the 2010s, he had moved into private equity, including investing in online gaming firms.

China’s securities regulator has fined Mr. Kang at least twice for failing to disclose his stakes in listed companies. He has also struggled with fellow investors for corporate control, according to regulatory filings. Mr. Kang has bragged about Ms. Huang’s connections to Nvidia’s Mr. Huang and used those ties to raise money for their businesses, according to one of the people.

Mr. Kang did not respond to a request for comment.

Ms. Huang’s career mirrored Mr. Kang’s focus on finance. According to her online résumé, she spent four years as a television reporter before working at HSBC’s private bank and CITIC Securities, a Chinese state-backed investment bank.

Occasionally, she appeared with Mr. Kang. In an August 2023 photo, the two visited a state-backed, auto-tech company in the eastern city of Nanjing.

The earliest corporate records bearing Ms. Huang’s name trace back to a small “sports and leisure club” company registered in 2010 inside Beihu No. 9, a private golf club in Beijing that drew officials and featured themed saunas, steam rooms and a buffet of foie gras, hairy crabs and Häagen-Dazs.

Over the next few years, Ms. Huang branched out, investing in a Chinese medical equipment maker that would list its shares in Hong Kong. She acquired her stake through an offshore company, corporate records show.

By 2020, Ms. Huang and Mr. Kang were known in some of Shanghai’s investment circles. They operated an interconnected web of companies to carry out corporate takeovers and invest in companies. That spring, their network landed a major project, helping build and operate an A.I. computing center in Shanghai for the internet giant Tencent.

That set the stage for Ms. Huang’s next effort: a push abroad to acquire critical chips.

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A screen grab from the Taiwanese television network CTI from May 2025 shows a woman identified by Reuters as Ms. Huang attending a dinner with Mr. Huang at a restaurant in Taipei, Taiwan.Credit...CTI, via Reuters

Building Megaspeed

In late 2022, the U.S. government began instituting restrictions on the sale of advanced A.I. chips to China. The United States feared that the components could potentially give Beijing an economic and military edge.

To have any hope of getting the chips, a company had to be domiciled outside China and have no obvious ownership ties leading to the country.

In 2023, Ms. Huang used a British Virgin Islands company to buy a Singaporean subsidiary of an online gaming company that was linked to her Shanghai network, called 7Road. It was renamed Megaspeed. It would become her first major venture into chips.

Later that year, Megaspeed was transferred to a Singaporean shell company, Singapore records show. After the transfer, Ms. Huang remained in control of Megaspeed’s day-to-day operations, according to people familiar with the company.

By June 2024, Ms. Huang was close enough to Mr. Huang that she bragged about her access to Mr. Huang at a tech event in Taipei. Just after midnight, she was mingling with a crowd of tech executives when she offered to ask Mr. Huang to join them, recalled Parker Schmitt, who attended.

Image

Alice Huang and Jensen Huang seated amid other people who are standing and holding glasses.

In June 2024, photos posted to LinkedIn showed Ms. Huang alongside Mr. Huang at a bar in Taipei following a tech trade show. Credit...via Reuters

“She said, ‘I bet you guys I can get Jensen here,’ and then Jensen immediately showed up,” said Mr. Schmitt, who is chief executive of NetThunder, a data software provider. Shortly after, Mr. Huang arrived and drank a whiskey shot with the group.

Mr. Huang was with two other Nvidia executives and had planned to attend the party, said a person close to the company.

Mr. Schmitt, who stayed in touch with Ms. Huang, said her social media was littered with photos of her and Mr. Huang, including pictures of them at a golf course and at restaurants drinking wine. She wanted to be seen as a talented sales executive, Mr. Schmitt said, and “photos with Jensen are a point of pride” in the tech industry.

Business Takes Off

That same month, Ms. Huang’s fledgling business had a series of breakthroughs. Megaspeed began receiving large shipments of Nvidia’s most advanced A.I. chips, eventually securing more than $4 billion of the precious hardware.

The company also landed a major new customer: the Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba. Months after its sale to the Singaporean shell company, Megaspeed had created a Malaysian subsidiary, which then pledged its servers and intellectual property to a subsidiary of Alibaba called Apex. Alibaba became Megaspeed’s dominant customer, according to a person familiar with the business.

Before long, Ms. Huang’s large A.I. chip orders began to attract attention. In late 2024, the U.S. Commerce Department sent an official to inspect a Megaspeed data center and confirm that the Nvidia chips delivered were on site. Some Nvidia equipment was still packed in boxes, raising concerns that it was being shipped in or out and was not installed at the location.

That year, Taiwanese authorities began to monitor Ms. Huang’s trips to the island at the suggestion of the U.S. government, a person familiar with the matter said. She entered Taiwan on a Hong Kong passport and made trips beyond her public appearances with Mr. Huang.

In March 2025, Ms. Huang traveled to the United States and visited Mr. Huang at Nvidia’s offices with other executives, according to a Times analysis of photos from the meeting. Two months later, she was pictured dining with him and others in Taipei, where she posed for a photo and kissed him on the cheek.

Yet trouble was brewing in Singapore, where officials had also been looking into Megaspeed. The Singaporean government prohibited Ms. Huang from leaving the country and brought her in for questioning in 2025 as part of an investigation into false declaration of imports, according to a person familiar with the investigation.

There was insufficient evidence to suggest that Ms. Huang was complicit in the false declarations and investigations against her were concluded, the person said. Singaporean authorities have said they are still investigating Megaspeed.

Ms. Huang subsequently flew to Shanghai and a new boss began giving orders to Megaspeed employees, said a person familiar with the company.

Image

An aerial view of a vast industrial complex amid reddish fields.

An aerial view of a Megaspeed data center in Johor, Malaysia.Credit...Ulet Ifansasti for The New York Times

Megaspeed has pressed on. It is nearing completion of the first phase of a data center in Malaysia, for which A.I. chips have been secured. In Ms. Huang’s absence, another executive tied to her network has visited the Malaysia office to help obtain permits and ensure work continues, a person familiar with the operation said.

Other help has come from China. Shanghai Shuoyao, another company in Ms. Huang’s network, has sent large groups of Chinese engineers to work on the project, the person said.

In Shanghai, local officials have held up Shuoyao as a model. A July report from the Songjiang district government showcased the company’s new A.I. server factory, where, it said, more than 100 technicians can repair servers down to the chip level and reconfigure them.

From the comments

1073

1.   

Ana Swanson

Economics reporter

The woman at the center of this story — a presumed Chinese spy who had a relationship with Nvidia chief executive Jensen Huang — has captured the attention of Washington and the tech world in recent weeks. But my colleagues and I first came across Alice Huang over a year ago, when photos surfaced of her sitting next to Mr. Huang in a bar in Taiwan. New photos that have emerged in recent weeks show their relationship went back years, and coincided with the formation of her company, Megaspeed, which U.S. authorities have been investigating for chip smuggling.

Read 33 replies

 

Pei-Lin Wu and Chris Buckley contributed research from Taiwan. Aric Toler and Sanjana Varghese contributed reporting.

Paul Mozur is the global technology correspondent for The Times, based in Taipei. Previously he wrote about technology and politics in Asia from Hong Kong, Shanghai and Seoul.

Ana Swanson covers trade and international economics for The Times and is based in Washington. She has been a journalist for more than a decade.

Tripp Mickle reports for The Times on some of the world’s biggest tech companies, including Nvidia, Google and Apple. He also writes about tech industry trends like layoffs and artificial intelligence.

Michael Forsythe a reporter on the investigations team at The Times, based in New York. He has written extensively about, and from, China.

Despite Denial, Trump Was Told on Trip to China About Spying on Nvidia Leader

 


Despite Denial, Trump Was Told on Trip to China About Spying on Nvidia Leader

 

Before Jensen Huang boarded Air Force One en route to Beijing, the president was reminded of intelligence showing that he was in a relationship with a woman believed to be a Chinese spy.

 

Jensen Huang, wearing a blue suit and tie and a red ID badge, stands on a sidewalk in front of a coach bus among several other people.

Jensen Huang, Nvidia’s chief executive, during President Trump’s state visit to Beijing in May. He was not included initially, but joined at the last minute at Mr. Trump’s invitation.Credit...Kenny Holston/The New York Times

Maggie HabermanJonathan SwanJulian E. BarnesAna SwansonTripp Mickle

 

By Maggie HabermanJonathan SwanJulian E. BarnesAna Swanson and Tripp Mickle

Nov. 10, 2026

阅读简体中文版閱讀繁體中文版

https://www.nytimes.com/2026/11/10/us/politics/trump-china-trip-nvidia.html

 

President Trump was told aboard Air Force One in May en route to China that the United States had obtained sensitive intelligence showing that Nvidia’s chief executive was in a relationship with a woman believed to be a Chinese spy, people with knowledge of the matter said.

The message was delivered by Marco Rubio, his secretary of state and national security adviser, shortly before the Nvidia leader, Jensen Huang, joined the presidential trip to Beijing at Mr. Trump’s invitation. It marked at least the second time in seven months that the president had been told of intelligence about Mr. Huang’s involvement with the woman.

The existence of the previously unreported update given to Mr. Trump contradicts the president’s assertion on Monday that he had not known at the time of the trip about Mr. Huang’s relationship with the woman, who U.S. officials had concluded was working for China’s Ministry of State Security.

“No, I didn’t hear about it then,” Mr. Trump said when asked at a news conference whether he knew about Mr. Huang’s ties to the woman when he headed to a summit meeting with Xi Jinping, China’s leader.

The disclosures about the relationship have rocked the company and driven down its stock price. They have focused new attention on the intensity of the competition between China and the United States for supremacy in artificial intelligence — a rivalry in which Nvidia’s advanced chips are integral to the current American advantage. And they have put a new spotlight on Mr. Huang’s influence with Mr. Trump and the administration on A.I. policy and issues affecting Nvidia.

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Several people in suits descend the stairs of a blue and white airplane. A person at the bottom holds flowers while looking at a child.

Mr. Huang deplaning from Air Force One along with Marco Rubio, the secretary of state, as Mr. Trump arrived in Beijing in May. Credit...Kenny Holston/The New York Times

Ever since American officials first warned him last year that a woman having an affair with Mr. Huang was believed to be working for Chinese intelligence, Mr. Trump has played down or dismissed the concerns. When first briefed on the issue late last fall, Mr. Trump chose to take no action, The New York Times reported last month.

When pressed on Monday about whether he had received a briefing on the issue last year, Mr. Trump, who has embraced Nvidia as key to U.S. technology competitiveness and a driver of the stock market’s rise over the past several years, said he would have to check.

“I’d certainly check with the intelligence people,” he said. “They could have been mentioned. Certainly, it didn’t make much of an impact on me.”

Mr. Trump is scheduled to visit China again next week. He initially indicated he might invite Mr. Huang again, but on Monday he said the Nvidia executive will not accompany him on the trip.

But the president continued to vigorously defend Mr. Huang, saying he had spoken to him and asked him if he knew that the woman, known as Alice Huang, was a spy. Mr. Huang said he did not, Mr. Trump said. The president said he did not plan to raise the matter with Mr. Xi when he meets the Chinese leader next week.

“I just know Jensen very well,” Mr. Trump said on Monday. “I just think he’s a very honorable man.”

Mr. Trump’s previous trip to China, in May, has come under new scrutiny since the disclosures about the Nvidia leader’s relationship with Ms. Huang, who had been an executive at a Singapore-based company called Megaspeed that purchases advanced Nvidia chips. The United States began restricting sales of advanced chips directly to China in late 2022, but it still allows Chinese companies to rent that computing power at data centers in Southeast Asia, like the ones Megaspeed operates.

In the weeks before the trip, Mr. Rubio had overseen the drafting of a memo about Mr. Huang, which was circulated to a small number of top administration officials. It was not intended for Mr. Trump, according to one person with knowledge of the matter, and it was not shown to him aboard Air Force One.

A person in a dark suit and blue tie stands, hands clasped, next to an ornate chair in a formal room.

Mr. Rubio during a state banquet in Beijing in May. When he learned that Mr. Huang would be joining the trip, he briefed President Trump about the intelligence findings about him, but Mr. Trump still allowed Mr. Huang to come aboard. Credit...Kenny Holston/The New York Times

Mr. Huang, among the most pivotal figures in A.I., was initially left off the invitation list of business and tech leaders traveling to China in May, a fact that generated headlines before Mr. Trump departed the United States. With little warning, Mr. Trump invited Mr. Huang to meet up with Air Force One during a refueling stop in Alaska. Mr. Rubio was among more than a dozen administration officials on Air Force One for the trip.

A U.S. government official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the matter publicly, confirmed that when Mr. Rubio learned that Mr. Huang would be joining the trip in Alaska, he “briefed the president on the issue.”

Mr. Trump was not particularly moved by what he heard from his national security adviser, and continued with the plan to pick up Mr. Huang, the people with knowledge of the events said.

Mr. Huang, once aboard Air Force One, saw the president “very briefly” but “remained in the separate part of the plane for almost all of the trip,” the official said.

The State Department declined to comment. Asked to comment, the White House press office declined to do so on the record. Instead, the office emailed a statement on background that pointed to Mr. Trump’s remarks from Monday. The email disputed the reporting for this article, without elaborating.

After The Times reported last month that U.S. officials had determined that Ms. Huang was a Chinese intelligence asset and that she was in a relationship with Mr. Huang, Nvidia executives and Mr. Huang both insisted that the relationship was a routine engagement with a customer. On Sunday, Mr. Huang admitted to a romantic relationship with Ms. Huang. Soon after, Nvidia announced that the company would conduct an independent investigation.

Image

President Trump and President Xi Jinping standing in front of a multitiered circular building. It has a blue roof and stone steps.

Mr. Trump with President Xi Jinping of China outside the Temple of Heaven during the state visit in May. Credit...Kenny Holston/The New York Times

Mr. Huang has long favored a more expansive policy on chip sales, well before Mr. Trump returned to the White House in 2025. His defenders have often noted that he has publicly said the U.S. must lead China in the A.I. race. Mr. Trump has largely sided with Mr. Huang and other technology executives and investors, amid a growing divide about the global risks of A.I.

Earlier this year, at an investor conference, Mr. Huang reiterated that China should not be able to access Nvidia’s top-tier products, and that the United States should have “the first, the most and the best.” But, he added, “Simultaneously, all American companies should compete globally.”

It was unclear whether the Rubio memo from last spring played a role in Mr. Huang’s having been excluded from the initial invitation list for the subsequent China visit.

At the time, the president was considering opening sales to China of Nvidia’s most advanced Blackwell chip. Mr. Huang, along with some other major tech leaders, has supported such a move, although many of Mr. Trump’s advisers opposed it. The administration has not approved the sale of Blackwell chips to China, although the U.S. government ultimately permitted the sale of less advanced H200 chips to approved purchasers.

Luke Broadwater contributed reporting.

Maggie Haberman is a White House correspondent for The Times, reporting on President Trump.

Jonathan Swan is a White House reporter for The Times, covering the administration of Donald J. Trump. Contact him securely on Signal: @jonathan.941

Julian E. Barnes covers the U.S. intelligence agencies and international security matters for The Times. He has written about security issues for more than two decades.

Ana Swanson covers trade and international economics for The Times and is based in Washington. She has been a journalist for more than a decade.

Tripp Mickle reports for The Times on some of the world’s biggest tech companies, including Nvidia, Google and Apple. He also writes about tech industry trends like layoffs and artificial intelligence.