Temporary
Reintroduction of Border Control
The
Schengen Borders Code (SBC) provides Member States with the capability of
temporarily reintroducing border control at the internal borders in the event
of a serious threat to public policy or internal security.
The
reintroduction of border control at the internal borders must be applied as a
last resort measure, in exceptional situations, and must respect the principle
of proportionality.
The
duration of such a temporary reintroduction of border control at the internal
borders is limited in time, depending on the legal basis invoked by the Member
State introducing such border control.
The scope
and duration of reintroduced border control should be restricted to the bare
minimum needed to respond to the threat in question. Reintroducing border
control at the internal border should only be used as a measure of last resort.
The
reintroduction of border control is a prerogative of the Member States. The
Commission may issue an opinion regarding the necessity of the measure and its
proportionality but cannot veto a Member State’s decision to reintroduce border
control.
Notifications
of the Temporary Reintroduction of Border Control
Current
Temporarily Reintroduced Border Controls
Country Duration Reasons/Scope
Poland 07/07/2025 – 05/08/2025 Persistent migratory pressure along
the borders with the Republic of Lithuania and the Federal Republic of Germany;
land borders with Germany and Lithuania.
Slovenia 22/06/2025 – 21/12/2025 Serious threats to public policy and
internal security posed by a high level of terrorist threats and organised
crime, including human smuggling and arms trafficking, the risk of terrorist
infiltrations into migratory flows via the Western Balkans, hybrid threats from
the Russian Federation and Belarus, as well as instability in the EU’s
neighbourhood, including Russia’s ongoing aggression against Ukraine and
instability following the fall of Assad’s regime in Syria; land borders with
Croatia and Hungary.
Spain 27/06/2025 – 05/07/2025 IV United Nationals International
Conference on Financing for Development in Sevilla (30 June – 3 July 2025);
land borders with France and Portugal, internal air borders of Alicante,
Almería, Barcelona, Bilbao, Girona, Granada, Madrid, Málaga, Murcia, Sevilla
and Valencia; internal maritime borders of Barcelona, Málaga and Palma de
Mallorca.
Italy 19/06/2025 – 18/12/2025 Continued threat of terrorist
infiltrations into migratory flows along the Western Balkan route, ongoing
crises in the Middle East and Ukraine, high level of irregular migration
including a strong presence of criminal smuggling and trafficking networks, and
heightened security risks associated with the Universal Jubilee of the Catholic
Church; land borders with Slovenia.
Austria 12/05/2025 – 11/11/2025 Threats associated with the continued
high levels of irregular migration and migrant smuggling across Austria’s
southern borders, as well as the strain on the asylum reception system and
basic services, Russia's ongoing war of aggression against Ukraine and the
security situation in the Middle East, intensifying the threat posed by
Islamist extremism and terrorism; land borders with Hungary and Slovenia.
The
Netherlands 09/06/2025 - 08/12/2025 Serious threat to public policy caused
by high levels of asylum applications, irregular migration, migrant smuggling,
and secondary movements, leading to an overburdening of the migration system in
general and the asylum system in particular, as well as pressure on public
services, including housing, health care and education; land and air borders
with Belgium and Germany.
Austria 16/04/2025 – 15/10/2025 Threats associated with irregular
migration, such as via the Balkan routes (including expected migratory
pressure), as well as the strain on the asylum reception system and basic
services, Russia's ongoing war of aggression against Ukraine, and the security
situation in the Middle East aggravated by terrorist groups; land borders with
Slovakia and Czechia.
Denmark 12/05/2025 – 11/11/2025 Serious threats to public policy and
internal security posed by possible sabotage actions from Russia, as well as
continuous terrorism-related events and organised crime, notably, tied to the
Israeli-Hamas conflict and driven by radicalisation from groups such as Islamic
State and Al-Qaida. These threats include potential attacks on Jewish and
Israeli targets; land and sea borders with Germany but may extend to all
internal borders.
Norway 12/05/2025 – 11/11/2025 General threat aimed at the energy
sector, threats of sabotage posed by the Russian intelligence service, as well
as to increase infrastructure protection; ports with ferry connections to the
Schengen area
Sweden 12/05/2025 – 11/11/2025 Serious threats to public policy and
internal security arise from organised cross-border crime and terrorism,
highlighted by attacks involving military-grade explosives against foreign
institutions and the public, including the involvement of foreign state actors
leveraging criminal gangs, coupled with persistent threats from violent
Islamist groups and individuals; all internal borders (land, air, and sea) and
land borders with Denmark.
France 01/05/2025 – 31/10/2025 Serious threats to public policy,
public order, and internal security posed by persistent jihadist threats, a
rise in antisemitic attacks, the growing criminal networks facilitating
irregular migration and smuggling, and irregular migration flows towards the
Franco-British border that risk infiltration by radicalised individuals, as
well as the irregular crossings on the Channel and North Sea borders, along
with rising violence among migrants, particularly in northern coastal areas
such as Dunkirk and Calais, leading to tense and perilous situations for both
migrants and law enforcement; all internal borders (land, air, and sea) with
Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Swiss Confederation, Spain, and Italy.
Germany 16/03/2025 – 15/09/2025 Serious threats to public security and
order posed by continued high levels of irregular migration and migrant
smuggling, and the strain on the asylum reception system. The impact of the
global security situation (including Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine
and the situation in the Middle East) on security and migration; land borders
with France, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Austria,
Switzerland, Czechia, and Poland.
Foreseeable
cases (Article 25 and 26 of the codified SBC)
For
foreseeable events (e.g. sports events), the duration of the border control is
limited to 30 days or for the foreseeable duration of the threat, if it exceeds
30 days.
If
required, the reintroduction of border control can be prolonged for renewable
periods of up to 30 days. The total period shall not exceed 6 months.
The
Member State shall notify the Commission and other Member States at least 4
weeks before the planned reintroduction of border control. An exception of this
notification period is made, if the circumstances giving rise to reintroduced
border control become known at a shorter notice.
Cases
requiring immediate action (Article 28 of the codified SBC)
Where
immediate action needs to be taken to adequately respond to a threat, a Member
State may reintroduce border control for 10 days without prior notification.
The
Commission and the Member States must be informed of such decisions
immediately.
While the
reintroduction can be prolonged for periods of up to 20 days, the overall
period of border control shall not exceed 2 months.
Cases
where exceptional circumstances put the overall functioning of the Schengen
area at risk (Article 29 of the codified SBC)
In
exceptional circumstances, where the overall functioning of the Schengen Area
is put at risk as a result of persistent serious deficiencies relating to
external border control, and insofar as those circumstances constitute a
serious threat to public policy or internal security, the Council may, based on
a proposal from the Commission, recommend that one or more Member States decide
to reintroduce border control at all or at specific parts of their internal
borders.
Such a
recommendation shall only be made as a last resort and as a measure to protect
the common interests within the Schengen Area, where all other measures, in
particular those referred to in Article 21 of the Schengen Borders Code, are
ineffective in mitigating the serious threat identified.
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